1500 In the Burji Mamluks empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat. |
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1501 Isamil I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion. |
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1507 The Portuguese under d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf. |
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1508 Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safawids. |
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1511 D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims. |
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1517 The Ottoman Sultan Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt. |
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1520 The reign of Sulayman the Magnificent begins. |
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1526 Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs. |
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1526 The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and Agra. |
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1528 The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary. |
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1529 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna. |
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1550 The architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul. |
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1550 The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra. |
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1550 Islam spreads to Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo. |
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1556 The death of Sulayman the Magnificent. |
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1568 Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism) in Spain. |
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1571 The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close. |
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1578 The Battle of the Three Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed. |
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1588 Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I begins. |
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1591 Mustaili Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis. |
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